1. A curriculum should build systematically over time, from simpler to more complex ideas, and from shallower to deeper understanding.

2. Hands-on experiences acquire meaning by being combined with minds-on experiences (analysis, interpretation, reflection), and the latter typically require longer time.

3. Good instructional materials help students draw upon their experiences.

4. Good instructional materials help students develop evidence-based (case-based) reasoning to support or refute ideas.

5. Technical terms are introduced only after students have had experience with an idea and only as needed to facilitate thinking and promote effective communication.